Freedom of the seas: In opposition to the principle of maritime sovereignty, the principle of the freedom of the seas began to develop. The freedom of the high seas was seen to correspond to the general interests of all states, particularly as regards freedom of commerce between nations. The development of the law of the sea cannot be separated from the development of international law in general. The modern law of the sea dates to the beginning of modern international law in the middle of the 17th century. However, there are many examples of collections of rules and maritime customs in the Middle Ages.
Maritime customs began to be accepted throughout Europe, especially in Spain and Portugal by the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas was approved by the Pope, and then the Law of the Sea codification passed through many attempts, however, the most important codification is 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea which signed by 117 states on December 10, 1982 in Montego Bay, Jamaica. This Convention formed the modern Law of the Sea as we know, therefore, this course will be focusing on that Convention.
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